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即将进入10W以内

Submitted by gouki on 2009, November 10, 1:02 PM

突然发现，原来，博客离10W又进了一点。多少年了。。。终于又要重入10W内了。。

先上个图，预祝一下，等确实定了之后，再来上图。。。

很激动人心的图哦【忘了说了，主域名是指：www.neatstudio.com，neatcn.com还没有到呢。。。】

Misc | 评论:0 | 阅读:18167

某人的小说站

Submitted by gouki on 2009, November 9, 11:40 AM

在某人的小说站上线前，答应帮他做点链接
说起小说，突然想起读书时代流传的陋室铭改篇中的一段：小说翻的快，杂志阅的勤，斯是教室，唯吾闲清

自己读书的时候，也是被小说害的呀。天天上课就是看小说，眼睛也是那时候看坏的。。。。

在如今，你闲下来的时候，能干什么？永远播不完的肥皂剧？无聊恶搞的娱乐节目？还是不知所云的走进科学？或者在QQ等IM上聊天打屁？

我是用手机上网看看小说，电视几乎不看了，即使要看也是几乎只看discover之类的，上海就是纪实频道了。。。

其它还真没劲。

网上几个看小说的网站：

起点：www.qidian.com

幻剑：www.hjsm.net

爱书吧： www.ishu8.net

Misc | 评论:3 | 阅读:19825

Facebook 的工程师文化？

Submitted by gouki on 2009, November 8, 7:53 AM

一直以来，听到的都是企业文化，难得听到这种所谓的工程师文化。
但在技术型企业，工程师却是占有企业员工大部分的比例，再加上facebook又是非常成功的一个产品，因此，转载一下学习一下。

以下内容来自：http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/hutuworm/~3/YJ-W-K3A4DM/facebook.html

Windows Live 网站有位工程师，参加了 Facebook 组织的 Facebook Seattle Engineering Road Show 活动，回来之后兴奋不已，洋洋洒洒写了一大篇，介绍 Facebook 在不断扩张过程中获得的一些经验：Facebook Seattle Engineering Road Show: Mike Shroepfer on Engineering at Scale at Facebook

大家都会英文，这里不作全文翻译了。值得一提的是 Facebook 自己总结的工程师文化：

1. 快速前进打破陈规（Move Fast and Break Things） - 鼓励员工承担风险，愿意为创新牺牲一些稳定性。工程师厌恶风险往往是公司衰败之始。

2. 小团队办大事（Huge Impact with Small Teams）- 多数功能系统都由一到三位工程师组成的小团队完成。Facebook 每位工程师服务 120 万名用户 v.s. Google 1:190,000 v.s. Amazon 1:96,000 v.s. Microsoft 1:75,000。

3. 大胆创新（Be Bold and Innovative） - 不言自明。

Facebook 连扫地的都算上也只有 900 多名员工，其中工程师只有 230 余人。他们的用户近 3 亿，接近于美国人口总数。他们有 3 万台服务器，存储着 800 亿张图片，每天承受 10 亿次搜索，Memcache 集群每秒操作 5 千万次，每秒下载照片 120 万张......

什么叫海量？这就是海量！

如果没有这样的工程师文化，肯定无法支持海量。

Misc | 评论:0 | 阅读:17893

CDN缓存策略FAQ

Submitted by gouki on 2009, November 6, 9:04 PM

CDN这个东西，当然是个好东西。。。所以看到有FAQ就理所当然的复制下来，其实，最近我突然想到一件事情，中国的地区域名还有一个很有意思的地域域名，那就是js.cn，所以，我悄悄的申请了两个域名，cache.js.cn和cdn.js.cn，就是想用来做这种CDN转发，当然，只是简单的。。。

我最初的想法是（有一小部分），如果我的服务器里有N多人装了DZ论坛，那么这些JS和CSS其实都是共用的。如果我都用同样的域名进行转发，那，其实节约了很多空间，也节约了带宽。因为同一个域名出来的JS和CSS文件，理论上是应该被缓存的哦。。

以下内容就是FAQ，自己也学习一下。。。

1.CDN加速原理
通过动态域名解析，网友的请求被分配到离自己最快的服务器。CDN服务器直接返回缓存文件或通过专线代理原站的内容。
网络加速+内容缓存，有效提供访问速度

2.CDN节点数量
全国多个机房，每个机房多台服务器，CDN节点一般上百台

3.CDN缓存什么内容
缓存html、图片、css、xml等静态资源，不缓存含有？的动态地址、jsp、php，js文件也不缓存【除非特殊设置】
缓存原站返回HTTP状态为20*或304，不缓存其他状态(例如404，500，503)

4.CDN缓存内容的更新
a）用户首次请求，CDN从原站抓取后缓存，直到文件过期后有用户请求再次更新
b）程序主动通知CDN抓取

5.CDN缓存内容的有效期
a）原站apache吐出的静态文件：由apache的expire和header模块控制
主要两项：last-modified，cache-control：max-age
apache缺省配置，所有静态文件在cdn只缓存3600s【需要我们按需求调整被加速服务器的apache设置】
3600s后cdn失效，用户访问时会重新请求原站，如果没有变化，缓存失效周期自动延长10%。
b）原站jsp或php吐出的动态内容（url形式必须是静态的）
由程序控制last-modified，cache-control：max-age public ，apache的设置将不起作用
cdn根据这两项判断是否需要到原站更新内容

6.CDN和应用的结合策略
a）变化不频繁的页面：例如图吧的图片显示页、车型页、已结束的比赛对阵页
在原站生成静态页面，原站apache上定义过期时间，例如1天。
原站上静态文件更新后，可以等待cdn过期。或者主动通知cdn更新（随着cdn节点越来越多，代价会非常高）
b）变化频繁的页面：例如足球库中的及时亚盘、及时欧赔、正在进行的比赛对阵页
不生成静态页面，由jsp或php定义过期时间，例如5s或60s。cdn过期后，如果有用户访问就从原站上抓取。
优点：相关页面内容更新后，不需要主动通知100个原站都来抓取，有效降低原站的压力。
如果页面内容没有变化，返回lastmodified不变，这样原站会直接返回304给cdn，cdn也会返回304给用户。减少网络传输和速度
比赛结束后，“正在进行的比赛对阵页”转换为第一类情况，再生成静态文件
c）特殊静态资源：例如图片库和某些大型产品库中的评论js
或者频繁访问、频繁更新的页面：例如足球赛事库的及时比分文件
通过apache nocache告诉IE不缓存，html中就不需要使用pinglun.js?123456这样的代码形式
然后用max-age告诉cdn缓存1s，这样避免每次用户请求都转到原站

本文来源：http://71j.cn/archives/10

Tags: cdn

Misc | 评论:0 | 阅读:25605

Content-Type大全

Submitted by gouki on 2009, November 6, 8:56 PM

原文的来源是一国外网站，而我当然就不是了。。转载，转载而己。
其实，如果用过apache的人，应该知道，在conf目录下，会有一个mimetype文件，里面其实就是一个对应表，当然，或许不全，但更当然的是，没有注释说明，只能自己凭感觉猜测了。。

既然有一个现成的，那当然还是备份下来以做参考：

描述	文件扩展名	MIME 类型
Text and Text-Related Types
HTML text data (RFC 1866)	html htm	text/html
Plain text: documents; program listings	txt c c++ pl cc h	text/plain
Richtext (obsolete – replaced by text/enriched)		text/richtext
Structure enhanced text	(etx?)	text/x-setext
Enriched text markup (RFC 1896)		text/enriched
Tab-separated values (tabular)	(tsv?)	text/tab-separated-values
SGML documents (RFC 1874)		text/sgml
Speech synthesis data (MVP Solutions)	talk	text/x-speech

Document Stylesheet Types
Cascading Stylesheets	css	text/css
DSSSL-online stylesheets		application/dsssl (proposed)

Image Types
GIF	gif	image/gif
X-Windows bitmap (b/w)	xbm	image/x-xbitmap
X-Windows pixelmap (8-bit color)	xpm	image/x-xpixmap
Portable Network Graphics	png	image/x-png
Image Exchange Format (RFC 1314)	ief	image/ief
JPEG	jpeg jpg jpe	image/jpeg
TIFF	tiff tif	image/tiff
RGB	rgb	image/rgb
		image/x-rgb
Group III Fax (RFC 1494)	g3f	image/g3fax
X Windowdump format	xwd	image/x-xwindowdump
Macintosh PICT format	pict	image/x-pict
PPM (UNIX PPM package)	ppm	image/x-portable-pixmap
PGM (UNIX PPM package)	pgm	image/x-portable-graymap
PBM (UNIX PPM package)	pbm	image/x-portable-bitmap
PNM (UNIX PPM package)	pnm	image/x-portable-anymap
Microsoft Windows bitmap	bmp	image/x-ms-bmp
CMU raster	ras	image/x-cmu-raster
Kodak Photo-CD	pcd	image/x-photo-cd
Computer Graphics Metafile	cgm	image/cgm
North Am. Presentation Layer Protocol		image/naplps
CALS Type 1 or 2	mil cal	image/x-cals
Fractal Image Format (Iterated Systems)	fif	image/fif
QuickSilver active image (Micrografx)	dsf	image/x-mgx-dsf
CMX vector image (Corel)	cmx	image/x-cmx
Wavelet-compressed (Summus)	wi	image/wavelet
AutoCad Drawing (SoftSource)	dwg	image/vnd.dwg
		image/x-dwg
AutoCad DXF file (SoftSource)	dxf	image/vnd.dxf
		image/x-dxf
Simple Vector Format (SoftSource)	svf	image/vnd.svf
		also vector/x-svf

Audio/Voice/Music Related Types
“basic”audio – 8-bit u-law PCM	au snd	audio/basic
Macintosh audio format (AIpple)	aif aiff aifc	audio/x-aiff
Microsoft audio	wav	audio/x-wav
MPEG audio	mpa abs mpega	audio/x-mpeg
MPEG-2 audio	mp2a mpa2	audio/x-mpeg-2
compressed speech (Echo Speech Corp.)	es	audio/echospeech
Toolvox speech audio (Voxware)	vox	audio/voxware
RapidTransit compressed audio (Fast Man)	lcc	application/fastman
Realaudio (Progressive Networks)	ra ram	application/x-pn-realaudio
NIFF music notation data format		application/vnd.music-niff
MIDI music data	mmid	x-music/x-midi
Koan music data (SSeyo)	skp	application/vnd.koan
		application/x-koan
Speech synthesis data (MVP Solutions)	talk	text/x-speech

Video Types
MPEG video	mpeg mpg mpe	video/mpeg
MPEG-2 video	mpv2 mp2v	video/mpeg-2
Macintosh Quicktime	qt mov	video/quicktime
Microsoft video	avi	video/x-msvideo
SGI Movie format	movie	video/x-sgi-movie
VDOlive streaming video (VDOnet)	vdo	video/vdo
Vivo streaming video (Vivo software)	viv	video/vnd.vivo
		video/vivo
Special HTTP/Web Application Types
Proxy autoconfiguration (Netscape browsers)	pac	application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig
See Chapter 6		application/x-www-form-urlencoded
See Chapter 9		application/x-www-local-exec
See Chapter 9 (Netscape extension)		multipart/x-mixed-replace
See Chapter 9 and Appendix B		multipart/form-data
Netscape Cooltalk chat data (Netscape)	ice	x-conference/x-cooltalk
Interactive chat (Ichat)		application/x-chat

Application Types

Text-Related
PostScript	ai eps ps	application/postscript
Microsoft Rich Text Format	rtf	application/rtf
Adobe Acrobat PDF	pdf	application/pdf
		application/x-pdf
Maker Interchange Format (FrameMaker)	mif	application/vnd.mif
		application/x-mif
Troff document	t tr roff	application/x-troff
Troff document with MAN macros	man	application/x-troff-man
Troff document with ME macros	me	application/x-troff-me
Troff document with MS macros	ms	application/x-troff-ms
LaTeX document	latex	application/x-latex
Tex/LateX document	tex	application/x-tex
GNU TexInfo document	texinfo texi	application/x-texinfo
TeX dvi format	dvi	application/x-dvi
MacWrite document	??	application/macwriteii
MS word document	??	application/msword
WordPerfect 5.1 document	??	application/wordperfect5.1
SGML application (RFC 1874)		application/sgml
Office Document Architecture	oda	application/oda
Envoy Document	evy	application/envoy
Wang Info. Tranfer Format (Wang)		application/wita
DEC Document Transfer Format (DEC)		application/dec-dx
IBM Document Content Architecture (IBM)		application/dca-rft

CommonGround Digital Paper (No Hands Software)		application/commonground
FrameMaker Documents (Frame)	doc fm frm frame	application/vnd.framemaker
		application/x-framemaker
Remote printing at arbitrary printers (RFC 1486)		application/remote-printing

Archive/Compressed Archives
Gnu tar format	gtar	application/x-gtar
4.3BSD tar format	tar	application/x-tar
POSIX tar format	ustar	application/x-ustar
Old CPIO format	bcpio	application/x-bcpio
POSIX CPIO format	cpio	application/x-cpio
UNIX sh shell archive	shar	application/x-shar
DOS/PC – Pkzipped archive	zip	application/zip
Macintosh Binhexed archive	hqx	application/mac-binhex40
Macintosh Stuffit Archive	sit sea	application/x-stuffit
Fractal Image Format	fif	application/fractals
Binary, UUencoded	bin uu	application/octet-stream
PC executable	exe	application/octet-stream
WAIS “sources”	src wsrc	application/x-wais-source
NCSA HDF data format	hdf	application/hdf

Downloadable Program/Scripts
Javascript program	js ls mocha	text/javascript
		application/x-javascript
VBScript program		text/vbscript
UNIX bourne shell program	sh	application/x-sh
UNIX c-shell program	csh	application/x-csh
Perl program	pl	application/x-perl
Tcl (Tool Control Language) program	tcl	application/x-tcl
Atomicmail program scripts (obsolete)		application/atomicmail
Slate documents – executable enclosures (BBN)		application/slate
Undefined binary data (often executable progs)		application/octet-stream
RISC OS Executable programs (ANT Limited)		application/riscos

Animation/Multimedia
Andrew Toolkit inset		application/andrew-inset
FutureSplash vector animation (FutureWave)	spl	application/futuresplash
mBED multimedia data (mBED)	mbd	application/mbedlet
Macromedia Shockwave (Macromedia)		application/x-director
Sizzler real-time video/animation		application/x-sprite
PowerMedia multimedia (RadMedia)	rad	application/x-rad-powermedia

Presentation
PowerPoint presentation (Microsoft)	ppz	application/mspowerpoint
PointPlus presentation data (Net Scene)	css	application/x-pointplus
ASAP WordPower (Software Publishing Corp.)	asp	application/x-asap
Astound Web Player multimedia data (GoldDisk)	asn	application/astound
Special Embedded Object
OLE script e.g. Visual Basic (Ncompass)	axs	application/x-olescript
OLE Object (Microsoft/NCompass)	ods	application/x-oleobject
OpenScape OLE/OCX objects (Business@Web)	opp	x-form/x-openscape
Visual Basic objects (Amara)	wba	application/x-webbasic
Specialized data entry forms (Alpha Software)	frm	application/x-alpha-form
client-server objects (Wayfarer Communications)	wfx	x-script/x-wfxclient
General Applications
Undefined binary data (often executable progs)		application/octet-stream
CALS (U.S. D.O.D data format – RFC 1895)		application/cals-1840
Pointcast news data (Pointcast)	pcn	application/x-pcn
Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft)		application/vnd.ms-excel
		application/x-msexcel
		application/ms-excel
PowerPoint (Microsoft)	ppt	application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
		application/ms-powerpoint
Microsoft Project (Microsoft)		application/vnd.ms-project
Works data (Microsoft)		application/vnd.ms-works
MAPI data (Microsoft)		application/vnd.ms-tnef
Artgallery data (Microsoft)		application/vnd.artgalry
SourceView document (Dataware Electronics)	svd	application/vnd.svd
Truedoc (Bitstream)		application/vnd.truedoc
Net Install – software install (20/20 Software)	ins	application/x-net-install
Carbon Copy – remote control/access (Microcom)	ccv	application/ccv
Spreadsheets (Visual Components)	vts	workbook/formulaone
Cybercash digital money (Cybercash)		application/cybercash
Format for sending generic Macintosh files		application/applefile
Active message — connect to active mail app.		application/activemessage
X.400 mail message body part (RFC 1494)		application/x400-bp
USENET news message id (RFC 1036)		application/news-message-id
USENET news message (RFC 1036)		application/news-transmission

Multipart Types (mostly email)
Messages with multiple parts		multipart/mixed
Messages with multiple, alternative parts		multipart/alternative
Message with multiple, related parts		multipart/related
Multiple parts are digests		multipart/digest
For reporting of email status (admin.)		multipart/report
Order of parts does not matter		multipart/parallel
Macintosh file data		multipart/appledouble
Aggregate messages; descriptor as header		multipart/header-set
Container for voice-mail		multipart/voice-message
HTML FORM data (see Ch. 9 and App. B)		multipart/form-data
Infinite multiparts – See Chapter 9 (Netscape)		multipart/x-mixed-replace

Message Types (mostly email)
MIME message		message/rfc822
Partial message		message/partial
Message containing external references		message/external-body
Message containing USENET news		message/news
HTTP message		message/http

2D/3D Data/Virtual Reality Types
VRML data file	wrl vrml	x-world/x-vrml(changing to model/vrml)
WIRL – VRML data (VREAM)	vrw	x-world/x-vream
Play3D 3d scene data (Play3D)	p3d	application/x-p3d
Viscape Interactive 3d world data (Superscape)	svr	x-world/x-svr
WebActive 3d data (Plastic Thought)	wvr	x-world/x-wvr
QuickDraw3D scene data (Apple)	3dmf	x-world/x-3dmf

Scientific/Math/CAD Types
Chemical types — to communicate information about chemical models		chemical/* (several subtypes)
Mathematica notebook	ma	application/mathematica
Computational meshes for numerical simulations	msh	x-model/x-mesh(evolving to model/mesh)
Vis5D 5-dimensional data	v5d	application/vis5d
IGES models — CAD/CAM (CGM) data	igs	application/iges(evolving to model/iges?)
Autocad WHIP vector drawings	dwf	drawing/x-dwf

Largely Platform-Specific Types
Silicon Graphics Specific Types
Showcase Presentations	showcase slides sc sho show	application/x-showcase
Insight Manual pages	ins insight	application/x-insight
Iris Annotator data	ano	application/x-annotator
Directory Viewer	dir	application/x-dirview
Software License	lic	application/x-enterlicense
Fax manager file	faxmgr	application/x-fax-manager
Fax job data file	faxmgrjob	application/x-fax-manager-job
IconBook data	icnbk	application/x-iconbook
?	wb	application/x-inpview
Installable software in ‘inst’ format	inst	application/x-install
Mail folder	mail	application/x-mailfolder
?	pp ppages	application/x-ppages
Data for printer (via lpr)	sgi-lpr	application/x-sgi-lpr
Software in ‘tardist’ format	tardist	application/x-tardist
Software in compressed ‘tardist’ format	ztardist	application/x-ztardist
WingZ spreadsheet	wkz	application/x-wingz
Open Inventor 3-D scenes	iv	graphics/x-inventor