易栈网-膘叔

今天下午在重装系统的时候，犯了一个小错误，结果，导致我的系统分区表全坏了。在UBUNTU下只能看到一个分区，里面的内容全部不见了。
所幸，UBUNTU可以光盘启动，这时候，我用它上网查了一些资料，发现原来testdisk这个软件不错，可以修复分区表的信息。

于是apt-get install testdisk，很快就下载回来了。

直接运行，会问你是否记录LOG，如果你没啥大事，就不用记录了啦，然后选择INTEL PC，再选择优化，发现了自己的系统硬盘终于被认了出来，灰常激动啊。

把分区表写入硬盘后，可以在LINUX下面发现已经挂载到/media目录下了，立刻，远程到局域网，把数据全部拷贝到局域网中。

期间，本来是想用smbmount把远程的共享目录映射过来，然后把本地内容拷贝过去，结果发现好象不行。最后没辙，只能远程，把本地磁盘映射到远程系统中，终于可以拷贝内容了。

激动啊。。。不然我就全完了

如果你是VPS，又不太会配置系统，那么这个选择就挺不错的。。LNMP一键安装包，一下子就把所有的东西全部安装回来了，而且每增加一个域名之类的都不算特别难，当然前提是你最起码得懂一点点linux的操作，比如你会使用ssh，那样，你在vps下就能很方便的操作了（我今天操作了一次，只是安装的时候非常长，还好，国外的VPS速度很快，就是编译时间长了一点）
来吧，看步骤和内容吧。

系统需求:

来源：http://lnmp.org/install.html

Since Apache is most of the time a memory hungy process, people started to look for different ways to host their website. Apache is clearly not the only webserver available. A few good examples are lighttpd and nginx. In this tutorial I will show you how to install it on your Ubuntu server. This tutorial also applies to Debian, though. There is only a very small difference.

Ready? Let's begin shall we.

Step 0 - Preliminary Notes

In order to complete this tutorial, I assume you have installed a base system of Debian or Ubuntu. How this can be done, can be read in different tutorials. This tutorial only focusses on getting nginx+php running without much hassle.

Step 1 - Nginx

Installing nginx is the first step we have to do. This can be easily done by downloading it from the repository.

The default vhost has to be changed in order to work properly.

A nice starting point for your config is:

Step 2 - Installing PHP

Many sites rely on PHP for providing them dynamic content, whether this is a wiki, forum software, weblog or something entirely different.

If you are running Ubuntu, we first have to resolve two dependencies required for the dotdeb packages. If you are running the amd64 version, you should replace i386 with amd64.

For Debian you won't have to do this!

Again, this is only required if you're on Ubuntu.

The rest of the tutorial applies to both Ubuntu & Debian.

We'll have to add the dotdeb repository to the APT sources, so we can use their packaged PHP 5.3 and php-fpm:

Update apt:

The resulting text should include dotdeb.

Now we'll install PHP (part 1):

We have to install the cli before the rest, because this will cause problems later on.

If you are planning to use a database or require specific modules (mcrypt, ldap, snmp etc) you can install them as well.

Ok, so now we have nginx and PHP.

One minor remark: If you are using "php short tags" (<?) you should enable them in your php.ini files (for both fpm and cli). If you do not change this, you will see your code in plain text!

Step 3 - Finalizing

Restart nginx in order to catch up with the config changes we made earlier.

The restart should have gone without any problems.

After installing php5-fpm, it should have been started. If you did change your php.ini files, you have to restart php5-fpm.

All right. They should now both be running.

Step 4 - Testing

In order to test if the execution of PHP is working, create an index.php file in /var/www with the following content:

Visit your webserver and you should be able to see the generated phpinfo. If not, something went wrong.

Step 5 - Troubleshooting & Final notes

If  you did not see the phpinfo, there might be something wrong. In order to track down what went wrong, you can check the nginx error log:

Remember, if you did change your php.ini you have to restart php5-fpm. Restarting nginx isn't' necessary.

In my example config I've enabled the fastcgi error interception. If a serious error occurs (for instance a "cannot redeclare class xyz"), nginx can catch this page and show a "nice" error page that something went wrong. This way, there is less information given out in case something is going seriously wrong.

If you do not like this, you can turn it off.

If php5-fpm is not running, your PHP files cannot be parsed and nginx will show the user an error page.

Well, I guess we're done and you are now able to serve PHP with your new nginx based webserver. Nginx is pretty nice and you can configure a lot. If you need rewrites, be aware that nginx does not work with .htaccess files. You will need to change your vhost settings in order for the rewrites to work.

原文地址为：http://www.howtoforge.com/installing-php-5.3-nginx-and-php-fpm-on-ubuntu-debian

事实上，如果你真的按照本文所说的去安装，好象是不能成功的。好象默认nginx不在ubuntu的包里。

原文中还有三篇相关文章，如果有兴趣，可以看一下：

最近单位的服务器好象经常出点事，苦于没有运维啊。灰常痛苦。
症状如下，先是网通的朋友说打不开，后来能打开，然后在公司里全部能够打开，河北人民告诉我，电信3G能打开，网通不行，南方的人民告诉我打得开。然而，唯一让人郁闷的是老板打不开。。。

不知道什么原因，然后因为服务器是做了LVS负载均衡，理论上应该没事，web服务器中php的进程也很正常。两台WEB服务器的nginx配置文件检查了一下，没发现啥问题，后来用tail /xxx/xxx/xxx.log看了一下，居然报配置文件出错，打开文件一看，居然有一行被注释的内容断行了，造成部分内容没有被注释，引起了错误，于是删除并重启nginx。

再后来就正常了，可是到晚上，又突然有人说出现502错误了，象这种情况，大多数是php-cgi进程要么超时，要么数量不够要么。。。苦于没有运维，我唯一能做的就是重启了一下WEB（一些配置文件都不在家，否则可以尝试只重启nginx和php-cgi）。

有人问过我为什么不升级到php5.3，说实话，我真的很想升啊。可惜用的代码中，有部分关键代码占用了5.3的关键字（好象以前在博客里说过，函数名居然叫namespace。于是，我傻眼了）

ThinkInLamp群中的hm说5.3自带的fastcgi好象不太稳定，反正我也没法升级，就随便看着喽（想着他们居然有时间有精力看nginx等的源码，心里就觉得非常佩服）

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越往后越发现自己的能力欠缺，比如说开发都要了解linux的常规操作，但事实上，常规操作都会了，但一些更深层次的不深入也不行啊。不再深入一点，就无法真正从底层上进行性能调优等（纯PHP代码的调优，终究是有限度的）

一键式安装PHP果然还是有问题的，不是说程序有问题，而是说版本。其实在9.10的时候，PHP已经被ubuntu默认为5.3了。这就让人很痛苦了，现在很多程序在5.3下跑不起来。怎么办？降级喽。还能怎么办？
这里有很多方式，不过，我还是建议使用第一种，最方便不过了：http://2bits.com/drupal-planet/various-ways-running-php-52-ubuntu-1004-lucid-lynx.html
第一种是这样的，先搞一个脚本运行一下：

这时候，其实最后一步经常会失败。。（因为他的安装顺序可能不是php5-common在第一个）
因此在运行完第一句PKGS后，可以Echo $PKGS > xxx.php.list ，将它输出到一个文件里。如果最后一步失败了，再把这个PKGS导出的变量查看一下，再尝试重新install。避免有遗漏。

这里还介绍了drupal在安装的时候的一些问题：http://randyfay.com/node/63，上面的链接其实就是从这篇文章里找到的。（我不建议用randyfay.com里的源，速度还是比较慢的，如果你原来的源速度很快，那就不要换了，直接用上面的脚本吧。）以前就说过。网易的源还是不错的。。可以加上去喽。