易栈网-膘叔

又是一篇记录，摘要，原文来自：http://cwg.bloghome.cn/posts/75845.html

svn命令 通常都有帮助,可通过如下方式查询：

$ svn help 

知道了子命令，但是不知道子命令的用法，还可以查询：

$ svn help add 

开发人员常用命令

(1) 导入项目

$ cd ~/project
$ mkdir -p svntest/{trunk,branches,tags}
$ svn import svntest https://localhost/test/svntest --message "Start project"
...
$ rm -rf svntest

我们新建一个项目svntest，在该项目下新建三个子目录：trunk，开发主干；branches，开发分支；tags，开发阶段性标签。然后导入到版本库test下，然后把svntest拿掉。

(2) 导出项目

$ svn checkout https://localhost/test/svntest/trunk

修订版本号的指定方式是每个开发人员必须了解的，以下是几个参考例子，说明可参考svn推荐书。

$ svn diff --revision PREV:COMMITTED foo.c
# shows the last change committed to foo.c

$ svn log --revision HEAD
# shows log message for the latest repository commit

$ svn diff --revision HEAD
# compares your working file (with local changes) to the latest version
# in the repository

$ svn diff --revision BASE:HEAD foo.c
# compares your “pristine” foo.c (no local changes) with the 
# latest version in the repository

$ svn log --revision BASE:HEAD
# shows all commit logs since you last updated

$ svn update --revision PREV foo.c
# rewinds the last change on foo.c
# (foo.c's working revision is decreased)

$ svn checkout --revision 3
# specified with revision number

$ svn checkout --revision {2002-02-17}
$ svn checkout --revision {15:30}
$ svn checkout --revision {15:30:00.200000}
$ svn checkout --revision {"2002-02-17 15:30"}
$ svn checkout --revision {"2002-02-17 15:30 +0230"}
$ svn checkout --revision {2002-02-17T15:30}
$ svn checkout --revision {2002-02-17T15:30Z}
$ svn checkout --revision {2002-02-17T15:30-04:00}
$ svn checkout --revision {20020217T1530}
$ svn checkout --revision {20020217T1530Z}
$ svn checkout --revision {20020217T1530-0500}

(3) 日常指令

$ svn update

$ svn add foo.file
$ svn add foo1.dir
$ svn add foo2.dir --non-recursive
$ svn delete README
$ svn copy foo bar
$ svn move foo1 bar1

$ svn status
$ svn status --verbose
$ svn status --verbose --show-updates
$ svn status stuff/fox.c

$ svn diff
$ svn diff > patchfile

$ svn revert README
$ svn revert

修改冲突发生时，会生成三个文件：.mine, .rOLDREV, .rNEWREV。比如：

$ ls -l
sandwich.txt
sandwich.txt.mine
sandwich.txt.r1
sandwich.txt.r2

解决修改冲突方式之一：修改冲突的文件sandwich.txt，然后运行命令：

$ svn resolved sandwich.txt

方式之二：用库里的新版本覆盖你的修改：

$ cp sandwich.txt.r2 sandwich.txt
$ svn resolved sandwich.txt

方式之三：撤销你的修改，这种方式不需要运行resolved子命令:

$ svn revert sandwich.txt
Reverted 'sandwich.txt'
$ ls sandwich.*
sandwich.txt

确保没问题后，就可以提交了。

$ svn commit --message "Correct some fatal problems"
$ svn commit --file logmsg
$ svn commit

(4) 检验版本历史

$ svn log
$ svn log --revision 5:19
$ svn log foo.c
$ svn log -r 8 -v

$ svn diff
$ svn diff --revision 3 rules.txt 
$ svn diff --revision 2:3 rules.txt 
$ svn diff --revision 4:5 http://svn.red-bean.com/repos/example/trunk/text/rules.txt

$ svn cat --revision 2 rules.txt 
$ svn cat --revision 2 rules.txt > rules.txt.v2

$ svn list http://svn.collab.net/repos/svn
$ svn list --verbose http://svn.collab.net/repos/svn

$ svn checkout --revision 1729 # Checks out a new working copy at r1729
…
$ svn update --revision 1729 # Updates an existing working copy to r1729
…

(5) 其他有用的命令

svn cleanup

为失败的事务清场。

(6) 分支和合并

建立分支方法一：先checkout然后做拷贝，最后提交拷贝。

$ svn checkout http://svn.example.com/repos/calc bigwc
A  bigwc/trunk/
A  bigwc/trunk/Makefile
A  bigwc/trunk/integer.c
A  bigwc/trunk/button.c
A  bigwc/branches/
Checked out revision 340.

$ cd bigwc
$ svn copy trunk branches/my-calc-branch
$ svn status
A  +   branches/my-calc-branch

$ svn commit -m "Creating a private branch of /calc/trunk."
Adding         branches/my-calc-branch
Committed revision 341.

建立分支方法二：直接远程拷贝。

$ svn copy http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/trunk \
           http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/branches/my-calc-branch \
      -m "Creating a private branch of /calc/trunk."

Committed revision 341.

建立分支后，你可以把分支checkout并继续你的开发。

$ svn checkout http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/branches/my-calc-branch

假设你已经checkout了主干，现在想切换到某个分支开发，可做如下的操作：

$ cd calc
$ svn info | grep URL
URL: http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/trunk
$ svn switch http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/branches/my-calc-branch
U   integer.c
U   button.c
U   Makefile
Updated to revision 341.
$ svn info | grep URL
URL: http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/branches/my-calc-branch

合并文件的命令参考：

$ svn diff -r 343:344 http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/trunk
$ svn merge -r 343:344 http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/trunk
$ svn commit -m "integer.c: ported r344 (spelling fixes) from trunk."
$ svn merge -r 343:344 http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/trunk my-calc-branch
$ svn merge http://svn.example.com/repos/branch1@150 \
            http://svn.example.com/repos/branch2@212 \
            my-working-copy
$ svn merge -r 100:200 http://svn.example.com/repos/trunk my-working-copy
$ svn merge -r 100:200 http://svn.example.com/repos/trunk
$ svn merge --dry-run -r 343:344 http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/trunk

最后一条命令仅仅做合并测试，并不执行合并操作。

建立标签和建立分支没什么区别，不过是拷贝到不同的目录而已。

$ svn copy http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/trunk \
           http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/tags/release-1.0 \
      -m "Tagging the 1.0 release of the 'calc' project."

$ ls
my-working-copy/
$ svn copy my-working-copy http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/tags/mytag
Committed revision 352.

后一种方式直接把本地的工作拷贝复制为标签。

此外，你还可以删除某个分支。

$ svn delete http://svn.example.com/repos/calc/branches/my-calc-branch \
 -m "Removing obsolete branch of calc project."

管理人员常用命令

(7) 版本库管理

$ svnadmin help
...
$ svnadmin help create
...
$ svnadmin create --fs-type bdb /usr/local/repository/svn/test
$ chown -R svn.svn /usr/local/repository/svn/test

建立版本库，库类型为bdb（使用Berkeley DB做仓库），库名称为test。
svn版本库有两种存储方式：基于Berkeley DB(bdb)或者基于文件系统(fsfs)，通过 --fs-type可指定存储方式。

(8) 查询版本库信息

$ svnlook help
...
$ svnlook help tree
...
$ svnlook tree /usr/local/repository/svn/test --show-ids